I just update Substance Painter to version 2017.3.0 Build 1837 and get the TDR message. I used the link in the message but the instructions are confusing at steps 3 - 5 (at least to me.)
It says:
3. Navigate in the tree on the left of the Registry Editor window and go to : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ GraphicsDrivers
4. If it doesn't exist, do a right-click > new > REG_DWORD in the right part of the window. Name it TdrDelay and set the value to 60 (in decimal mode).
5. If it doesn't exist, do a a right-click > new > REG_DWORD in the right part of the windows. Name it TdrDdiDelay and set the value to 60 (in decimal mode).
Okay, I assume step 4 "If it doesn't exist, ...." add the dword TdrDelay x96 (60 dec)
Then step 5. has another "If it doesn't exist, ...." add the dword TdrDdiDelay x96 (60 dec)
So I'm assuming if TdrDdiDelay doesn't exist, to add it also? So two new entries to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control \ GraphicsDrivers
Anyway, I did that and restarted my system and Painter still throws out that message