I still haven't got this figured out. Allegorithmic support said that this is not a bug, because the Add/Sub blend mode only applies to blending between the pattern (not the background). However, I still cannot get it it work.
I made a new test file with a pattern containing only black and neutral gray.

The documentation says:
The Add Sub blending mode works as following:
Foreground pixels with a value higher than 0.5 are added to their respective background pixels.
Foreground pixels with a value lower than 0.5 are substracted from their respective background pixels.
Since my pattern has only values lower than 0.5, all blending should be substractive. When I input this pattern in the Tile Sampler (or Tile Generator) with Add/Sub blending, then the result has white colors:

Note that the same setup with the regular Blend node and 'Add/Sub' blending has no white colors, and the Blend node with 'Add' blending looks exactly the same as the Tile Sampler output.
I looked at the FX map for the Tile Generator node, the function that controls the blendmode is overriding the Add/Sub blend mode (3) to a Add blend mode (0):

So it seems Add/Sub is broken, and for the Tile Generator node it is being disabled/overridden on purpose?
I've attached the test file.